Theorem·T44
Satisfaction does not depend on variables not free in the formula
Reassigning a variable that is not free in a formula cannot change whether the formula is satisfied.
For an L-structure
,
,
, and
with
: for every assignment
into
:
In words
For any formula not free in a given variable: whether it is satisfied does not change under any reassignment of that variable, for every assignment.
Never needed: F05 · F10 · F13 · A03 · A04 · A05 · A09 (computed from the citation graph, not asserted).
Proof
- 1Setup, generalizing over assignments. By strong induction on : assume, for every formula of length with not free in it, the claim holds for every assignment (the induction hypothesis, "IH"); show it for of length with , for an arbitrary assignment .
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5quant, same variable. If ( , bound variable exactly ): for any , updating twice at the same variable leaves only the second update - , since both remove the same pair at from and add back (D087, Extensionality). So by the forall/exists clause of D091 (according to ): iff (for all/some) , iff (for all/some) , iff - the identical condition, with no dependence on at all.
- 6quant, different variable. If with : (quant clause, D093), so and together give . For any , updates at different coordinates commute: , since each just adds the independent pairs , to with the old entries at removed, in either order (Extensionality). By the IH applied to (with ) at the assignment : iff iff . So by the forall/exists clause of D091: iff (for all/some) , iff (for all/some) , iff .
- 7T08 concludes: the claim holds for every with not free in it, for every assignment.
∎
Remarks
Confirms satisfaction genuinely only depends on an assignment through its values at the (finitely many) free variables of a formula - the intuition behind isolating sentences in the first place. Needed for the quantifier-same-variable case of the substitution lemma, and again directly inside soundness when checking the second quantifier axiom is valid.