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Theorem·T44

Satisfaction does not depend on variables not free in the formula

Reassigning a variable that is not free in a formula cannot change whether the formula is satisfied.

For an L-structure , , , and with : for every assignment into :
In words
For any formula not free in a given variable: whether it is satisfied does not change under any reassignment of that variable, for every assignment.
Never needed: F05 · F10 · F13 · A03 · A04 · A05 · A09 (computed from the citation graph, not asserted).

Proof

  1. 1
    Setup, generalizing over assignments. By strong induction on : assume, for every formula of length with not free in it, the claim holds for every assignment (the induction hypothesis, "IH"); show it for of length with , for an arbitrary assignment .
  2. 2
    By T35 (ii), is exactly one of the five forms of D083.
  3. 3
    eq, rel. If : (eq clause, D093), so and . By T43 applied to each: , likewise . By the eq clause of D091 on both sides: iff iff iff . The rel case is identical, using T43 pointwise on the argument tuple, as in the proof of T42.
  4. 4
    neg, bin. If : (neg clause, D093), so ; by the IH, , and the neg clause of D091 transports this to . Likewise if ( ): (bin clause), so is free in neither nor ; the IH applies to both, and the matching clause of D091 transports the equivalence to .
  5. 5
    quant, same variable. If ( , bound variable exactly ): for any , updating twice at the same variable leaves only the second update - , since both remove the same pair at from and add back (D087, Extensionality). So by the forall/exists clause of D091 (according to ): iff (for all/some) , iff (for all/some) , iff - the identical condition, with no dependence on at all.
  6. 6
    quant, different variable. If with : (quant clause, D093), so and together give . For any , updates at different coordinates commute: , since each just adds the independent pairs , to with the old entries at removed, in either order (Extensionality). By the IH applied to (with ) at the assignment : iff iff . So by the forall/exists clause of D091: iff (for all/some) , iff (for all/some) , iff .
  7. 7
    T08 concludes: the claim holds for every with not free in it, for every assignment.

Remarks

Confirms satisfaction genuinely only depends on an assignment through its values at the (finitely many) free variables of a formula - the intuition behind isolating sentences in the first place. Needed for the quantifier-same-variable case of the substitution lemma, and again directly inside soundness when checking the second quantifier axiom is valid.

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